Since a major purpose for preparing instructional media is to affect behaviors that serve objectives, Psychology of Learning is needed in locating principles that would be able to guide the planning of effective instructional media.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
lLearning is a behavioral change (Skinner, 1954)
lS-R pattern – Stimuli (messages) elicit Responses (learning)
lReinforcement - Successful responses
lFeedback – immediate knowledge results (e.g. technical)
Gagne, 19855 catagories of learning
lVerbal information – learning names,dates, definition, facts.
lIntellectual skills – how to use verbal information (building concepts,learning rules, problem solving)
lCognitive strategies – ability to remember and think in an organised manner.
lMotor skills – performing physical skills
lAttitudes – develop beliefs and behaviors toward person or object.
INFORMATION-PROCESSING THEORY
lHow participant selects, encodes and stores information because human brain is a complex and active organ.
lShort-term memory
lLong-term memory (learning takes place)
lGive examples, use of synonyms, questions, summaries, review, key words, rhymes, acronyms
Tiada ulasan:
Catat Ulasan